ISO

International Standards Organization.

The main international standards organization. ISO works to ensure that chip makers, software developers and smart card companies comply with the same specifications. Standards for the smart card industry include:
ISO/IEC 7816-1:1998 Physical Characteristics of IC cards.
ISO/IEC 7816-2:1999 Position of Module and Contacts on IC cards.
ISO/IEC 7816-3:1997 Exchange protocol with IC cards (i.e., communication between readers and cards).
ISO/IEC 7816-4:1995 Command set for microprocessor cards.
ISO/IEC 7816-5:1994 Numbering system and registration procedure for application identifiers.
ISO/IEC 7816-6:1996 Inter-industry data elements.
ISO/IEC 7816-7:1999 Inter-industry commands for Structured Card Query Language (SCQL).
ISO/IEC DIS 7816-8 Security related inter-industry commands.
ISO/IEC DIS 7816-9 Additional inter-industry commands and security attributes.
ISO/IEC DIS 7816-10 Electronic signals and answer to reset for synchronous cards.
ISO 14443 Proximity cards (contactless).